以RDX为基的含铝炸药中铝粉粒度和氧化剂形态对加速金属能力的影响

利用激光速度干涉仪研究了含微米铝粉和纳米铝粉复合炸药加速金属平板的能力,结果表明纳米铝粉的引入能够获得更大的金属平板自由面速度,其反应时间比微米复合含铝炸药缩短35.1%。研究了氧化剂的形态对含铝炸药性能的影响,用物理化学手段获得的RDX/AP复合粒子复合粒子制作的含铝炸药加速金属平板的能力优于机械混合RDX/AP的含铝炸药,前者的反应时间也比后者短。此外,还研究了以富氧炸药取代RDX获得的含铝炸药的性能,结果表明其加速金属平板的速度比RDX/Al复合炸药提高10%。     

Shear Induced Crystallization,a Relaxation Phenomenon in Polymer Melts: A Re‐Collection

Thread‐like nuclei for the crystallization of polymers which are formed at high deformation rates in a temperature range close to the equilibrium melting point appear to be practically stable at temperatures where spherulites are melting. However, the fact that the great majority of experiments on flow induced crystallization have been carried out at temperatures below the melting temperature of the spherulites leads to the conclusion that the precursors for elongated structures, as formed under those conditions, are practically stable from the moment of their creation. In other words: their relaxation times are much longer than any deformation time applied. As a consequence, deformation times as independent parameters lose their importance in these experiments. Long lasting deformations under low stresses can yield the same precursors as short term deformations under high loads. Apparently the only condition is that the applied specific work is the same.     

受迫振动实验中几个问题的探讨

就受迫振动实验中振动系统半宽带、品质因素及稳定受迫振动强迫力与阻力做功进行研究和探讨。     

不同波长蓝光LED对人体光生物节律效应的影响

以30名视力正常的学生为研究对象,采用剂量作业法、生理参数法和疲劳评价法研究了人体在峰值波长分别为468,457,453 nm的蓝光LED照明下的光生物节律效应。结果表明:在剂量作业法中,蓝光LED对错误率、工作速度和脑力工作指数的影响均为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm;在生理参数法中,468 nm蓝光LED对脉搏的变化影响最大,对收缩/舒张压的影响不明显;在疲劳评价法中,蓝光LED对人体舒适度的影响为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm。综上所述,在3种峰值波长蓝光中,468 nm的蓝光对人体光生物节律影响最大。     

Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of molecular bond rupture due to ozone in deformed rubber

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides a sensitive tool by which microscopic bond rupture can be monitored simultaneously with observations of macroscopic deformation and failure. Past techniques for studying fracture in semicrystalline polymers have been extended to investigate degradation of unfilled ruber in the presence of ozone. It was found that the rate of free radical production was linearly proportional to stretch ratio and ozone concentration and that stress relaxation and creep were not directly proportional to this production rate. The latter behavior was attributed to the particular dependence of crack density and growth on stress. It was concluded that at low strains, comparatively few surface cracks form; however, at higher strains, many more crack centers become active. Although many more surface cracks are present, they do not progress into the material as rapidly. Therefore, although more bonds were broken at higher strains and stresses, the stress relaxation rate and creep rates were not significantly increased.     

Cross-country skiing motion equations,locomotive forces and mass scaling laws

This article presents differential equations for locomotive force and velocity during cross-country skiing. A muscle's work power is modelled. Thereafter, a locomotive force that depends on the skier's velocity is constructed. The external forces aerodynamic drag, friction forces and the force of gravity are incorporated in order to provide the equation of motion. Some allometric mass scaling relations are established and used to analyse the effect of a skier's mass on velocity. The model is tested by using a GPS instrument. We compare analytically and experimentally determined skiing distances and velocities as functions of time, and under different conditions. The article provides tools useful for practising athletes and coaches.     

“We definitely wouldn't be able to solve it all by ourselves,but together…”: group synergy in tertiary students' problem-solving practices

The ability to address and solve problems in minimally familiar contexts is the core business of research mathematicians. Recent studies have identified key traits and techniques that individuals exhibit while problem solving, and revealed strategies and behaviours that are frequently invoked in the process. We studied advanced calculus students working in groups to identify what strategies they employed and how, including what encouraged the opportunities to invoke them. The study revealed behaviours not included in the original taxonomy, including one that we termed ‘group synergy’. We propose extensions to Carlson and Bloom's original taxonomy to encompass group behaviour and identify the importance of these behaviours in developing problem-solving skills. Finally, we suggest improvements for future problem-solving session iterations, with the goal of promoting opportunity for more expert performance.     

变革型领导与团队成员工作态度:基于多层线性模型的研究

本研究探讨团队层面变革型领导与成员团队满意度、团队认同之间的关系,考察团队学习的中介作用,以及影响变革型领导和团队学习关系的权变因素。采用问卷调查方式对某省通讯运营商的85个客服团队进行调查。采用多层线性模型(Hierarchical Linear Modeling)对团队变革型领导、团队学习、团队满意度、团队认同之间的关系进行分析。结果表明,团队学习对团队领导的变革型领导行为与员工工作态度的关系具有一定的中介作用。团队成员工作技能在变革型领导和团队学习间起调节作用。     

Properties of the Ce–Pd–Pt(111) overlayer system

The Pd–Pt(111) and the Ce–Pd–Pt(111) overlayer systems were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Variations in the work function were measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The Pd overlayer thicknesses were in the range of 1 to 4 monolayers (MLs). The Ce overlayer thicknesses were in the range is of 0.5 to 1.5 MLs. The interfaces were studied for annealing temperatures up to 700°C. Surface alloying or intermixing of Ce, Pd and Pt was observed. Upon deposition at ambient temperatures, Ce forms an overlayer. During annealing, both Pd and Ce were found to dissolve into the Pt substrate. For a Pd coverage of about 1 ML, the Ce–Pd–Pt(111) system was found to be Pt, terminated after annealing to 700°C. For Pd coverage above 1 ML, both Pd and Pt were found to be present at the surface. Cerium was found to be absent from the top surface layer in both cases.     

A comparison of the von Mises and Hencky equivalent strains for use in simple shear experiments

The von Mises equivalent strain increment is derived for the case of large strain simple shear (torsion testing). This is used, in conjunction with the von Mises yield surface, to define the von Mises equivalent stress as well as the incremental work per unit volume. Integration of the equivalent strain increment leads to the definition of the von Mises equivalent strain for torsion. The Hencky equivalent strain increment is derived from the Hencky strain defined as the logarithm of the semi major and minor axes of the strain ellipse. This is then used, via the incremental work, to derive the ‘Hencky equivalent stress’. In the Onaka approach, the numerical values of the principal strain increments were integrated without taking into account the continuous rotation of the strain ellipse. This invalid operation leads to an expression for the equivalent strain increment that cannot be applied to the large strains considered by Onaka. Using the correct increments of the Hencky strain, it is shown that the shear strain increments turn negative and consequently, the incremental work becomes negative when the shear is large.